Compare and Contrast the Westminster Political System in...

A comparison of political systems is done to deepen our understanding of our own institutions, as well as to expand our awareness and views on other political alternatives. But what is a political system. David Easton (A System Analysis of Political Life, 1965) defined a political system as that behavior or set of interactions through which authoritative allocations are made and implemented for society. Simply put it’s a set of institutions and agencies that implement goals of a society. The Westminster system derives its name from the Palace of Westminster, the home of the British House of Parliament. It is a adversarial two party system that utilizes a single member plurality system. The plurality system is easy to†¦show more content†¦The House of Lords processes and revises legislation and acts as a check on the government and the House of Commons through oral and written questions and policy debates. The Peers’ expertise allows them to deal with br oad issues related to science, economy, and the constitution. The House of Commons The House of Commons is made up of 650 Members of Parliament (MPs), all of whom are elected by voters to represent them and their interests. No special training or background is necessary to become an MP, though any person running for a seat in the House of Commons must be at least 21 years old. The Executive The executive branch consists of the head of state, the head of Government known as the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. The Cabinet is composed of approximately 20 Members who are chosen by the Prime Minister from the House of Commons. It is this element that creates a fusion of power of the legislative and the executive. The functions of the Cabinet are to initiate and decide on policy, the supreme control of government and the co-ordination of government departments. The exercise of these functions is vitally affected since Cabinet depends upon majority support in the House of Commons. Majority governments based on a single party are typically stable, as long asShow MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesby The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the pri or written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not beRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagespublishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department

A Project On Child Trafficking - 1473 Words

A Project on CHILD TRAFFICKING IN INDIA Sociology Monsoon Semester 2014 ___________________________________________________________________________ Naresh Rawat ID No. : 214071 ___________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION: Trafficking in people, particularly in ladies, and children has turned into a matter of genuine national and universal concern. Ladies and children – young men what s more young ladies – have been presented to uncommon vulnerabilities business misuse of these vulnerabilities has turned into an enormous composed wrongdoing and a multimillion dollar business. Countries are endeavoring to battle this exchange human wretchedness through administrative, official, legal and†¦show more content†¦WHAT IS CHILD TRAFFICKING? As indicated by UNICEF a kid casualty of trafficking is any individual under 18 who is selected, transported, exchanged, harbored or got with the end goal of abuse, either inside or outside a nation. REASONS: There are numerous helping variables to child trafficking, which incorporate financial hardship, conditions, absence of occupation opportunities, economic wellbeing, and political uprisings. A hefty portion of the families in India are not able to bear the cost of the fundamental necessities of life, which constrains the folks to auction their children to posses, and the groups to endeavor them. Having more or less 50% of those in India living under the poverty line, this results in edgy measures being taken to profit they can. As there aren t even average vocation opportunities accessible, folks will do anything from clearing the avenues to offering their children, regardless of the possibility that it just makes them a couple of rupees. The truth of the matter is that youngsters, especially young ladies, are more defenseless than grown-ups, making them a less demanding target and a thing for groups. They are looked upon as more expendable than whatever is left of the popu lace which makes them accessible as articles to be sold. An alternate reason for sexual misuse is that individuals far and wide discover delight in the results of this ill-use, along these lines creating an interest for

The Education And Development In Uae Education Essay Free Essays

After the constitution of the federation in United Arab Emirates, the Starting of the quality instruction has begun. In UAE till the university degree public instruction is free for male and females of United Arab Emirates. Education system of UAE comprises of in-between schools, primary schools and high schools. We will write a custom essay sample on The Education And Development In Uae Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) primary school registration for males campaigners in 2005 stood at 85 % and 81 % of females about in Unites provinces of Emirates. In secondary school of UAE stayed less at 62 % for males and 66 % for females. In the twelvemonth of 2003, ages of 15 to 24 males reached at 98 per centum literacy and 96 per centum for females this record is submitted in ‘CIA World Factbook ‘ of UAE. Literacy rate of United Arab Emirates in 1989 was 53 % which is improved exponentially during the period of 2000-2007 and right now 90 % people of UAE peoples are literate it means they can read and compose easy. The state of affairs of private schools of UAE is better than authorities schools and in the large metropoliss like Dubai and Abu Dhabi there are about 50 % of pupils in private school of UAE. Harmonizing to World Bank study which is published in 2010, 16.83 was the student-teacher ratio ( pupil-teacher ratio ) of UAE. ( Gyimah, 2011 ) Earlier in 1960 before the find of oil, United Arab Emirates was a hapless state and its instruction system is worst every bit good. Harmonizing to surveies there were merely 15-20 schools in Dubai metropolis and Abu Dhabi had a same status. Those pupils who want to takes higher instruction they have to travel abroad chiefly to U.S. and England. Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum dedicated his life to the development of national instruction system and provided the indispensable foundation for the modernisation of Dubai. Sheikh Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan introduced CERT ( Centre of Excellence for Applied Research and Training ) in 1999 which supplying a different instruction system plan for all nationalities of UAE. In 2003 Education Ministry of United Arab Emirates followed â€Å" Education 2020 † which is a series of 5 twelvemonth programs introduced to improved advanced accomplishments of pupils, instruction techniques and self-learning qualities of pupils and besides intr oduced new enhanced course of study for math and scientific discipline for 1st grade degree in all authorities schools of UAE. Nowadays Education system of UAE besides includes foreign linguistic communication such as English, So that pupils of Emirates able to hold on the international linguistic communication. Right now there are many universities like Higher Colleges of Technology, American Universities of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates University that are supplying wellness scientific discipline, technology, information engineering and concern around the state. EIBFS was established for fiscal and banking surveies in 1983. ( Kitaura, 2010 ) Research Question The chief purpose of this surveies or research is to analyze the educational public presentation of UAE and improves quality acquisition, pupil registration in schools and finally betterment in economic growing of UAE. What are the most cost-efficient policies to better school registration? Efficiency and effectivity are the two perceptive to analyze effectivity and efficiency of school registration. Efficiency has two parts internal and external. If schools are accomplishing their ends without blowing their valuable resources so it is known as internal efficiency. External efficiency analyzes Educational returns. So fundamentally in the betterment of economic growing betterment of labour productiveness is of import. Other cost-efficient policy is effectiveness which is all depends on the ‘cognitive accomplishments ‘ of pupil and have analyze utilizing traditional trial based system. Cost-efficient policies will assist the instruction system by supplying the much better instruction installations with much lower cost. What is the political feasibleness of cost-efficient instruction policies? By utilizing cost effectual policies both effect and their cost taken into consideration in systematic manner.Political feasibleness is a judgement of the political environment around certain policy A ; plays an of import function in the cost effectiveness instruction policies. Political feasibleness is related to be effectivity and efficiency so, to understand the political feasibleness 1st we need to place policy environment such as wellness policy or environment policy etc. ( SCHOELLMAN, 2011 ) Literature Review Entree to Schooling School registration is fundamentally depends on cost-efficient policies as mainstream economic attack provide good economic growing quality attack. Education system of UAE comprises of in-between schools, primary schools and high schools. In United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) primary school registration for males campaigners in 2005 stood at 85 % and 81 % of females. In secondary school of UAE stayed less at 62 % for males and 66 % for females. In the twelvemonth of 2003, ages of 15 to 24 males reached at 98 % literacy and 96 % for females this record is submitted in ‘CIA World Factbook ‘ of UAE. ( BALCIUNAITIENE, 2010 ) Many schools in UAE have school coach for transit. Direct and indirect are two cost-associated with school. Fees, conveyance cost, books, uniforms are the portion of direct cost while reeducation in household income comprise of indirect cost. Family gifts and public services are the two things in which school registration depends. ( Anctil, 2012 ) Educational result Many states believing that there is no any relationship in between trial mark and school input. But in recent old ages this determination has been capable to greater rummage. In both developed A ; developing states the strong impact of pupil trial plays an of import function in instruction result. Reeducation in category size, educated instructors, good teacher leads to an betterment in instruction outcome in conclusion most research finds a positive impact on educational accomplishments. The impact of inputs on labour productiveness The schools which have good resources produce good alumnus pupil as comparison to the other schools so that there is relationship in between quality A ; cost of school instruction. But in 1995 Sheikh Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan finds that there is no any effectual difference between in labour productiveness of United Arab Emirates. But still no any proof appears associating the impact of inputs on labour productiveness. From one more research they analyze labour productiveness and cognitive accomplishments A ; they find that gaining quality of more cognitive accomplishments pupils have better than other pupils. Methodological Issues By and large, researches suffer from many methodological jobs. Some of the major jobs are follows: Biasness due to skip of variables: It is non easy to include the variable like background of parents, kids innate ability, political degree variables and so many other variables as they create biasness in the computation of mensural consequence. The effects of biasness straight affect the trial tonss of study. Besides if excluded variables are correlated with included variables incompatibility and biasness will bring forth once more in computation. For illustration Children with rich parents attend school with much better inputs than the kids with un affluent parents. Besides economic conditions have important consequence kids instruction. Biasness during error measuring: In the measuring of explanatory variables normally biasness and incompatibility in the appraisal can be observed. In most of the researches sufficient sum of measurement mistakes can be seen particularly in the computation of cognitive accomplishments and old ages of schooling. Specification of the dependent variables: Trial tonss are normally y used in the trial signifier in most of the surveies. These are ever criticized because of cumulative character of cognition. Biasness may lift during rating of the pupils if this cumulative nature of cognition is ignored. Sample Choice: In a developed state like UAE about every kid attends school. Their dropout rates are besides really rare. Therefore to choose the sample for the analysis schools with different parts must be focused so that broad scope of sample can be collected. During the aggregation of informations different mistakes during roll uping informations must be taken earnestly. Must be Data can be gathered by direct observations, studies, interviews, questionnaire and many other methods. During aggregation of informations many mistakes can be come into the manner such as biasness, non-response mistake, mistakes in informations acquisition and so on. Proposed Research Methodology Basic Idea beyond this research proposal is to utilize conventional methodological analysiss which are based on econometric theoretical accounts and to work out the jobs which are described above. Second of import thought to utilize this research proposal is to measure the bing policies of school and supply better cost effectual policies and methods to better the instruction degree in UAE. This research will bring forth an econometric theoretical account which will assist in find the factor which decides the school registration by sing both supply-side factors and family capablenesss. In computation of school efficiency econometric theoretical account can be used to develop a educational production map for the instruction system of UAE. For the account of trial tonss of the pupil assorted maps will be included in the merchandise map to analyse the household background, unconditioned abilities and sample choice in add-on with a value added attack will be used. To analyse the consequence of the plan on the consequence of trial mark explanatory variable must be incorporated with trial tonss. Political feasibleness of these policies will be step with the better cost-efficient qualitative and measures approach will be used. The basic thought beyond this procedure is to measure assorted place occupied by societal elements and interest holders who are the parts of the instruc tion procedure. Qualitative technique will concentrate on group interviews and life interviews. Datas Education finding map A study will be conducted to build this map in two different period of clip. Standardized trial will be conducted to measure the pupils besides household and school features are besides assessed in these trials. Motive behind these trials is to garner the informations to measure the instruction system. Schooling Production theoretical account In these theoretical accounts enrolment in the school will be analyzed with the aid of studies related to life criterions measurings. This information will be gathered with the information related to education organize the UAE authorities to integrate the supply side information. Scientific Contribution This consequence hopes to give two of import parts to the instruction system of UAE. One advanced theoretical attack will be developed to wholly understand the instruction system in UAE. Besides, one conventional will be developed based on willingness to pay the fees for instruction and the maximization of public-service corporation standards. These attacks will be wholly based on the theoretical part of assorted researches. Theoretical parts will wholly stress on the public action and capablenesss of families in the providing of instruction. This research will besides assist in design adequate instruments which will be a great part to the methodological development. And betterment in methodological issues will be good in the better appraisal in the jobs of convention econometric theoretical accounts. Experimental rating methods will be used as mention for these findings. Overall this research will be a great part towards the determination of the most cost effectual methods and polic ies for the improvement of the instruction outcomes. End product of this research will assist the UAE Government to plan policies related to the instruction which will be more cost-effective and effectual. How to cite The Education And Development In Uae Education Essay, Essay examples

Advertisements to Compare Essay Sample free essay sample

Selling is the activity. set of establishments. and processes for making. communication. and presenting exchange offerings that have value for clients. clients. spouses. and society at big ( Belch and Belch. 2012 ) . Over the old ages. as engineering continues to develop at a rapid gait including faster cyberspace. digital picture taking. and synergistic plans. selling and advertisement has become much easier. There are so many new progresss in the twenty-first century. IMC is going more important in selling pattern because of the decreased cost effectivity of mass media and media atomization. As consumers spend more clip online and on nomadic devices all exposures of the trade name demand to bind together so they are more likely to be remembered. Increasingly the schemes of trade names can non be understood by looking entirely at their advertisement. Alternatively they can be understood by seeing how all facets of their communications ecosystem work together and in peculiar how comm unications are personalized for each client and react in existent clip. as in a conversation ( Wikipedia. 2012 ) . In this assignment I selected two advertizements that are really popular. The first 1 was Exhibit 5-3 in Chapter five on page 149 by the popular pocketbook aggregation Coach. Founded in 1941. Coach is one of the most accepted mulct accoutrements brands in the United States and in targeted international markets. Coach offers premium life style accoutrements to a loyal and turning client base and supply consumers with fresh. relevant and advanced merchandises that are highly good made at an attractive monetary value ( Seeking Alpha. 2012 ) . The advertizement from the text uses merely a image to present the message to the targeted audience. The usage of the trade name name and image is an effectual manner to pass on Coach’s intended message of the facile simpleness every bit good as authoritative design and American manner of its pocketbooks ( Belch and Belch. 2012 ) . In the advertizement there is a beautiful immature theoretical account who portrays a really sophisticated expression. the model’s make up every bit good as her accoutrements match the little manager pocketbook every bit good as the baseball mitts. She is besides pictured puting on a signature baggage Coach bag which gives the audience an thought of what size the baggage really is. This advertizement is targeted to immature adult females who are into going and classy. sophisticated manner. This was determined by the baggage bag every bit good as the accoutrements in the advertizement. A immature corporate concern adult female would be more interested in this advertizement. Coach consumers have a specific emotional connexion with the trade name. Part of the company’s mundane mission is to cultivate consumer relationships by beef uping this emotional connexion ( Seeking Alpha. 2012 ) . Using personal channels of communicating by direct interpersonal ( face to face ) contact with mark persons or groups is decidedly a manner that Coach could guarantee that their mission of keeping every bit good as beef uping their emotional connexion with the consumers is being met ( Belch and Belch. 2012 ) . Besides since the company is already successful and good known. using a non personal communicating would non do any recoil on the company. Coach could utilize the mass media construct which is interpersonal contact between transmitter and receiver such as a telecasting commercial. print ads. magazines. etc. ( Belch and Belch. 2012 ) . Another channel that this company could utilize would be buzz selling which is besides known as word of oral cavity. The recoil to this channel is that non all consumers will be 100 % satisfied with your merchandise. A company using this channel entirely could hold more negative reappraisals opposed to positive reappraisals being communicated through bombilation selling. The 2nd advertizement that I selected was Exhibit 5-6 in Chapter five on page 152 by AARP. AARP is a non-profit-making. nonpartizan organisation. with a rank of more than 37 million. that helps people 50 old ages old and older. hold independency. pick and control in ways that are good to them and society as a whole ( AARP. 2012 ) . This advertizement shows how AARP promotes the assorted ways sellers can make the 50 old ages old and older market section through its assorted media and promotional vehicles ( Belch and Belch. 2012 ) . On the advertizement there is a beautiful. vivacious older female. This helps the targeted audience to see how happy you can still be over the age of 50. It shoes that age is nil but a figure. You can still populate after 50. The advertizement gives a brief glance at the different benefits that are being offered with a rank with AARP. This advertizement is clearly targeted to an age group of work forces and adult females 50 old ages old and older. but could besides be targeted to household and friends of a household member in this age group. Since this is an older age group. I believe that using a more personal channel of communicating is best. Persons in this age group have more inquiries and more understanding earlier perpetrating to anything. By holding a sales representative service as a personal channel could assist the person to understand the merchandise and service much better. The recoil of holding a personal channel of communicating such as this is if the client does non hold a positive interaction with the gross revenues individual. Customer service would be really of import in this type of channel. You would necessitate a gross revenues individual who is really patient. and have a really good apprehension of the merchandise and service and besides be able to explicate this to the client. If the client does non hold a good experience. they are likely to allow others cognize and this would impact the bombilation selling of this merchandise. Both of the advertizements selected could profit from both personal and nonpersonal channels of communicating. In order for the companies to be successful they must do certain that the advertizements are targeted to the right group and besides do certain that the client service is on point. Mentions: AARP. 2012. AARP History. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Association for the Advancement of Retired Persons. org/about-aarp/ Belch. George E. and Belch. Michael A. 2012. Ad and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. 9th edition. Seeking Alpha. 2012. Coach. Inc. ( COH ) Stock Description- Seeking Alpha. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //seekingalpha. com/symbol/coh/description Wikipedia. 2012. Integrated Selling Communications. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Integrated_marketing_communications.

Geographic coordinate system, free essay sample

Sextant- allowed users to determine their latitude to within a sea mile or two The gnomon or sun-shadow disk- operated like a sundial, enabling the user to determine his latitude by the length of the suns shadow cast on a disk floating level in water. The Arabian kamal- a rectangular plate that one moved closer or farther from ones face until the distance between the North star and the horizon exactly corresponded to the plates upper and lower edges. The distance the plate lay away from the face—measured by a string tied to the center of the plate and held at the other end to the tip of the nose—determined the latitude. cross staff Tools used to measure longitude (Lesson 02.01) (use the first resource in this lesson to help you) Be able to list and describe the 2 main tools used to measure longitude in early navigation the chronometer- the sextant to figure longitude using the lunar-distance method Current Navigation Tools (Lesson 02. We will write a custom essay sample on Geographic coordinate system, or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 01) What tool do we currently use to determine location (latitude and longitude)? The Global Positioning System, Longitude and Latitude (Lesson 02.01) Know the ways that longitude and latitude run (N to S or E to W) and what they measure Longitude E to W know how far east or west they were of the Prime Meridian Latidude N to S how far north or south they were from the equator What are longitude and latitude measured in? they measure in degrees Challenger Expedition (Lesson 02.02)—Best resource link to use = â€Å"Account of the Voyage of the Challenger† Besides conducting sampling of the waters on its journey, what were the main findings from the Challenger voyage? found many new species, and provided collections for scores of biologists. What tool was used to do measure the depths of the ocean? The Challenger was equipped with 144 miles of sounding rope What are the 2 pieces of equipment used to collect bottom samples on the Challenger? At left is a shallow-water dredge, whereas a deep-sea trawl is shown at right. What was a newly invented piece of equipment used on the Challenger ship to get water samples called? Buchanan Water Sampler In which zone of the rocky shore would you most likely find only grasses and patches of lichens? splash zone What type of animal uses the rocky shore for their ‘feeding’ grounds? white-tailed deer in the winter What is the name of a plant-like species found in rocky shores? seaweed What is the special adaptation of these organisms found in the rocky shore ecosystem?—to do this, match up the following (Match the organism with its adaptation) Cky shore and tidal pools—what kinds of adaptations do they have that enable them to survive the pounding waves while staying in place, tidal changes (periods of time covered with water or periods of time with no water), sunlight exposure, evaporation of water that may leave concentrated salts behind, blending in to avoid predators What are the physical changes that occur in the rocky shore (3 main ones—think tides, salt content, and wave action)? Rock pools flat area of rock, back part forms a cliff where the front part is flat and in the water, formed by waves, wind, and rain Platform sloping shoreline where group of large rocks found on calm shorelines Boulder fields†¨depression left from a boulder grinding into a rock that hold water Crustaceans (Lessons 02.05 and 02.04) What 3 special adaptations do crustaceans have that allow them to survive in the rocky shore ecosystem? What characteristics do all crustaceans share (need to be specific) What is the best characteristic to help you identify a crustacean? What are the 3 main example types of crustaceans? Referenses: Baker, K. B., and S. Wing. A new magnetic coordinate system for conjugate studies at high latitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 94.A7 (1989): 9139-9143. Dabek, Frank, et al. Vivaldi: A decentralized network coordinate system. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review. Vol. 34. No. 4. ACM, 2004. Gustafsson, G., N. E. Papitashvili, and V. O. Papitashvili. A revised corrected geomagnetic coordinate system for Epochs 1985 and 1990. Journal of atmospheric and terrestrial physics 54.11-12 (1992): 1609-1631. Priyantha, Nissanka B., et al. Anchor-free distributed localization in sensor networks. Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems. ACM, 2003. Goodchild, Michael F. Citizens as sensors: the world of volunteered geography. GeoJournal 69.4 (2007): 211-221.

Article of Confederation Essau essays

Article of Confederation Essau essays The Declaration of Independence required a new government for the new nation to be. In 1777, during the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress created a plan for our first official government. This plan was called the Articles of Confederation, which operation in 1781. Under the Articles of Confederation, each state was equal in powers and was independent of one another. The congress, which was the national government, had very limited powers. The states feared a strong congress, and felt that a strong national government might try to limit the powers and freedoms of the individual states. Although the Confederation was inadequate and was failing in trying to improve the nations economic condition, it achieved its most important success in the handling of western lands. After the war, Americas debt had increased by a ten fold. Under the Articles, the central government could not control trade between the states or with foreign nations. Each state regulated its own trade; this created many disputes among the states and other nations. On top of that, most states printed their own money. Without a uniform national currency, trading was a complicated procedure. Also, congress did not have the power to collect the taxes needed to pay for the expenses of the national government. It could ask for money; however it had no power to force the states into paying them. Without money, Congress could not pay the nation's debt nor could it provide government programs and services. Robert Morris, a financial wizard, proposed a 5 percent impost, but this failed because states with successful ports didnt want to loose their right to impose their own taxes. All the thirteen states in the Confederation need to agree before an article can be amended, but since some st ates didnt agree with Morris, that plan has failed. Next he planed to create a private bank. This bank issued banknotes, which were backed by hard money; alth...

The great depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The great depression - Essay Example strophic collapse of stock-market prices on the New York Stock Exchange (â€Å"Black Thursday") in October 1929 remains the most severe economic depression experienced in America (Modern American Poetry1). Various factors caused the great depression. Apparently, the boom psychology and speculative euphoria resulted in underlying weaknesses and imbalances within the U.S. economy that caused the great depression (Modern American Poetry1). The federal government and financial institutions lacked capacity to address the underlying weaknesses and economic imbalances. Indeed, the American government could not sustain the rising personal debt, increased production of goods, and imbalance between the rich and the poor leading to the stock market crash of 1929. Economists assumed this was simply a correction of the market and hence did nothing to contain the situation. President Herbert Hoover underestimated the severity of the crisis and assured U.S citizens that the economic slump would not last for more than 60 days (WGBH Educational Foundation 1). Herbert did not consider government’s intervention on the matter. Consequently, stock prices continued to fall in America. By the end of 1932, stock prices had dropped to 20 % of their 1929 value. Apparently, the great depression started in America and spread to other industrialized nations across the globe between late 1929 and early 1940s. The U.S had forged fundamental relationships with other European economies after the First World War that allowed the great depression to turn into a global economic crash (Modern American Poetry1). The First World War, war debts, and the need to pay reparations (Modern American Poetry1) weakened European economies forcing them to rely on America, which was the chief creditor after the war (Quah and Crowley 8). As such, the economic slump in America and the depreciation of the American investment credits to Europe fostered economic challenges in Europe. Ideally, countries that were deeply

Discussion Board Post Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 19

Discussion Board Post Response - Essay Example In this viewpoint, video monitoring could be used to detect areas within the health care organization where falls are prevalent and consequently advise patients to avoid using those areas. For instance, staircases could be areas prone to patient falls and hence cold be avoided. Rhea Ann, your elucidation of how positive deviance could be used to prevent patients from wandering off is spot-on. Placing bracelets on the patients known to wander around is an ingenious technique that could be referred to as an example of positive deviance. Positive deviance is the use of innovative strategies that makes some individuals achieve elevated levels of success than others (Bradley et-al, 2009). Positive deviants according to Seidman and McCauley (2009) are more successful because they are able to identify risks and subsequently implement positive strategies to achieve change. Identifying the fact that wandering around could lead to falls is in itself risk identification, and placing bracelets on the patients is implementation of a positive strategy aimed at achieving positive outcomes. Bradley, E. H., Curry, L. A., Ramanadhan, S., Rowe, L., Nembhard, I. M., &Krumholz, H. M. (2009). Research in action: Using positive deviance to improve quality of health care. Implementation Science,4(25),

Geopolitical Origins of the Iran-Iraq War- Article Review Essay

Geopolitical Origins of the Iran-Iraq War- Article Review - Essay Example A different group contends that this dispute was a pretext for the escalation of hostilities of other sorts, all of which were non territorial. In this article the writer outlines the causes of the Iran-Iraq war conflict he even examines each and every factor with reference to their geographical position. In the first paragraph of the article the writer described how and when the war started and what were the factors involved in the war. According to observes the war was started by Iran and Iraq was the aggressor in this war all the time. To give an idea how aggressive Iraq was, the writer mentioned that between March 1979 and September 1980 it had experienced 434 attacks by Iraqi artillery, infantry, and armored forces as well as 363 violations of its airspace. Iraq asserted that it had suffered 544 violations of its borders and airspace during essentially the same period. (J. M. Abdulghani, Iraq and Iran: The Years of Crisis (London: Croom Helm, 1984), 200.). As the war continues both countries are involved in the propaganda, sabotage, terrorism. Iraqi forces penetrated deep into Khuzistan and captured a strip seventy to one hundred miles wide along the western border of the province. Khuzistan is significant because its ethnic composition is primarily Arab and it contains the prin cipal oil reserves and refining operations in Iran. The writer mentioned that this war continues in five phases; the first was the Iraqi offensive that began on 22 September 1980 and ended by March 1981. The second phase consisted of a year-long stalemate during which Iraq held approximately 14,000 square kilometers of Iranian territory but was unable to advance. The third phase, beginning in March 1982, was marked by an Iranian counteroffensive that drove Iraqi troops from the occupied territory and even penetrated a short distance into Iraq. That counteroffensive was spent by late fall

Sustainability In Discount Retailing at Wal Mart

Sustainability In Discount Retailing at Wal Mart Porter (2002) states that root of the problem lies in the lack of distinguishing between operation effectiveness and strategy. The expedition for productivity, quality and speed has resulted in management tools and techniques, total quality management benchmarking, time based competition, outsourcing, partnering, reengineering, change management. In any organization, strategy management is the key to its success. There are many theories based on this assumption that without a proper strategy and planning, it is difficult for any industry to survive irrespective of its size. It is necessary to understand here that all the major corporate organizations have established themselves, thanks to superior strategic planning and implementation. The retail industry is making news everywhere with not only the traditional industries increasing their outlets but some major corporate industries also intruding into this industry like Fresh @ Reliance of Reliance Industries, More of Aditya Birla Gro up in India. Wal-Mart, a US based retail industry, which is known as the giant in the retail industry has survived and is still the huge enterprise in the world which deals with almost all the FB products, apparels, etc. It is not only the largest company in world but also the largest company in the history of world.(Fishman, 2006) The present paper is divided into four sections to understand and answer as what makes Wal-Mart the best in the industry, 1) retailing industry at the time of Wal-Marts innings, 2) Wal-Marts Competitive advantage and key components, 3) Wal-Marts Strategy and 4) Sustainable growth of Wal-Mart. I. Retail Industry Wal-Mart says Hello! Strategic decisions are ones that are aimed at differentiating an organization from its competitors in a way that is sustainable in the future. (Porter, 2002) Porter strongly advocates that decisions in business can be classified as strategic if they involve some innovation and difference that results in sustainable advantage. According to Patrick Hayden et al (2002) the retailing industry adopted the style of discounting on its merchandise after the Second World War. It is learnt that discount retailing was not the strategy at the time Kmart, Target and Wal-Mart first started operating their business. Frank (2006) states that when Sam Walton was franchising for Ben Franklins variety store, invented an idea of passing on the savings to his customers and earning his profits through volume. Prior to Wal-Marts entry into the market, Sidney and Hebert from Harrison founded Two Guys discount store in the year 1946 which dealt in hardware, automotive parts and later on groceries. Two Guys was the forerunner as compared to todays retailers like Super Target, Wal-Mart which succumbed to the economic recession. Another discount store set up by Eugene as E.J. Korvette, which is often cited as first discount store which did not raise from 5 10 cents roots and eventually declared bankruptcy due to inability to compete with the new entrants. Porter (2002) states that combination of operational effectiveness and strategy is essential for superior performance which is the primary goal of any organization. He also says that a company can perform its rivals only if it can operate in different ways which are not in practice. Much emphasis had been laid on strategic positioning like variety based positioning, needs based positioning and access based positioning. Along with Wal-Mart, other stores that started operating were Target, Woolworth (Woolco) and K-Mart. However, Target has been functioning successfully, courtesy Wal-Mart, but other two failed in their operations and filed bankruptcy.( Michael Bergdahl, 2004) Porters five forces model explains what strategic decisions should be made and on what basis. The model explains the basic strategies to be considered while starting a business like bargaining power of suppliers. While franchising of Franklin he always looked for cheaper deals and thought of passing his savings to the customers and earning through the margin on volume of bulk purchases. Through the way of discount stores, shoppers were given the cheapest price as compared to any other store. In regard to threats of new entrants, Wal-Mart has been constantly in the news for acquisition of other small retail shops in view of its expansion. But nevertheless it has stiff competition from likes of Super Target, Tesco, etc. it is the w orlds biggest retail industry. II. Key Components of Wal-Mart Business Model Wal-Mart is the leader in retailing industry with fiscal revenue of $244.52 billion in 2003 making it the worlds largest corporation. Mike reports that Wal-Mart as of 2002 had 1,283,000 employees growing at 11.2%. The above data explains that strategy of Wal-Mart is extraordinary which manages and operates over 4150 retail facilities globally.The key components of Wal-Mart (The Value Chain), which offers cheap prices than its competitors includes firm infrastructure like frugal culture, no regional offices and pleasant environment to work. Managements take lots of visits and it is learnt there are no rehearsals before any meeting which is usually scheduled on every Saturday. In any organization, human resource is the key to development and Wal-Mart efficiently manages its sources. Wal-Mart terms its employees as associates. Manager compensation is linked to the profit of store operated by him, within promotions, compensation offered to associates depending on companys profits and als o offered some incentives on their performances. The workforce at Wal-Mart is not unionized as the company takes all the measures of their benefits and provides them training on related issues. Technology plays a vital role in development of the organization and Wal-Mart is well equipped with technological innovations like POS, store performance tracking, real time market research, satellite system and UPC. Wal-Mart procurement measures like hard-nosed negotiations, partnerships with some vendors, centralized buying, planning packets, etc. helps at large the cause of providing the goods and services on cheap prices. The other factors that increase the margin of profit for Wal-Mart are inbound logistics with frequent replenishment, automated DCs cross docking, pick to flight, EDI, hub and spoke system. Wal-Mart strategy of operation is innovative with big stores in small towns with monopoly in the market at low rental costs, local prices, concentric expansion, merchandising in brand name, private labels, little space for inventory, store within store, etc. In relation to marketing and sales, merchandising is tailored from locals, spent less on advertising and the prices are fixed low and it depends on the store manager to fix the latitude of pricing. All the above factors combined together form the key components of Wal-Mart which not only increase the margin of profits through bulk sales but also boost the confidence of the customers with services like point of sale information system and everyday low prices. III. Wal-Mart Strategy Wal-Mart dominates the American retailing industry due to number of factors like its business model which is still a mystery and its effectiveness in not letting the rivals let know about the weaknesses. Wal-Mart made strategic attempts in the its formulation to dominate the retail market where it has its presence, growth by expansion in the US and Internationally, create widespread name recognition and customer satisfaction in relation to brand name Wal-Mart and branching into new sectors of retailing. It is learnt that Wal-Mart strives on three generic strategies consisting of Focus Strategy, the Differentiation Strategy and overall cost leadership. Managers strive hard to make their organizations unique, distinctive and identify key success factors that will drive the customers to buy their products.Thus, firm specific resources and capabilities are crucial in explaining the firms performance. The Resource Based View (RBV) explains competitive heterogeneity based on the premise that close competitors differ in their resources and capabilities in important and durable ways. The companys capability can be found through its functionality, reliable performance, like Wal-Mart superior logistics. (Helfat, 2002) Wal-Mart has firm infrastructure, well equipped in human resource with management professionals and technologically too. Any organizations thrive hard to be successful for which it needs to have better resources and superior capabilities. Wal-Mart has strong RBV with economically and financially very strong enough to stand still in the time of crisis. Pereira states that dominating the retail market is its key strategy. Wal-Mart operates on low price strategy which is operated as every day low prices (EDLP) which builds trust among the customers.(Brunn, 2006)The strategy lies in purchasing the goods at lower prices and selling the goods to customer at much lower prices, cutting the price as far as possible and increasing the profit by increasing the number of sales. This ferociously increases the competition in the market and Wal-Mart competes with all its competitors till it is dominant it the market. Wal-Mart is expanding seriously and rapidly which is also its strategic goal. Wal-Mart employs over 1.3 associates, owns over 4000 stores out of which 3000 are in US and serves around 100 million customers weekly. Wal-Mart has acquired many international stores and merged with some super stores like ASDA in UK. Wal-Mart far flung network of retail outlets has ensured that Wal-Mart interacts with and has impact on virtually every locality within US. (Helfat, 2002) The expanded strategy has led the hunger of Wal-Mart to many European Countries. It is learnt that three countries with no Wal-Mart stores became part of corporations international presence wherein the domestic retail chains were taken over by Wal-Mart including 122 Woolco stores in Canada, 21 Wertkauf stores in Germany and 229 ASDA units in United Kingdom. The takeover strategy by Wal-Mart keeps the company at forefront when entering into the new market and the number of competitors is also minimized. The strategies have he lped the Wal-Mart to rein in number one position in international countries making it the largest retailer in the world. It is seen that Wal-Mart has significantly the Porters five force model wherein through proper strategic planning and strategic implementation has led to removal of barrier entry, rivalry from competitors and pricing norms. In regard to substitutes, Wal-Mart in order to achieve its aim of customer satisfaction has selling goods under its own legal brand. Wal-Marts big box phenomenon has changed the retailing industry in the United States which is often considered as discount stores and makes profit through high volume of purchases and low markup on profits.(Parnell, 2008)Wal-Mart with its low cost and ever expanding strategy has made a dramatic impact since 1962 when Sam Walton first started his business. With this strategy, Wal-Mart has now over 4000 stores and outlets in US and other countries through acquisition and mergers. IV. Sustainability in Discount Retailing Wal-Mart According to Porter, (2002) operational effectiveness and efficiency are the key elements of success in any organization. A company can outperform its rivals or competitors in the market only with superior management and efficient control creating a difference from the others which eventually attracts customers. Porter defines operational effectiveness as performance of similar activities as its rivals but better than them. In a study, it is stated the Wal-Mart is expert in manipulating perceptions. It is termed that low price is not the strategy of Wal-Mart but the advertisement manipulates the consumer perceptions by making them think that its prices are lower than its competitors price using price spin. Wal-Mart makes the consumer addicted coming to its stores by convincing them the prices are lower than in the other stores by selling itself cheaper by advertising that we have lower prices than anyone else and placing a opening price point. The opening price point is the lowest pr ice in the store which is kept at high visibility which makes consumer believes that the products in this store are really cheaper. (Race Cowgill, 2005) The SWOT analysis of Wal-Mart reveals that it is most powerful retail brand, reputation for money, value, commitment, and provides wide range of products. It is growing at a brisk pace with expanding its horizon to other parts of world through acquisition and merger. Wal-Mart has good opportunities in markets of Europe and China and focuses on acquiring the market through acquisition of smaller stores and merger with leaders in the specific markets. Wal-Mart is always under threat to sustain its top position in market nationally and internationally. Global leader in the industry leaves the organization vulnerable to many socioeconomic and political problems of the country. Sustainability at the top place is the most important job that makes its managers strives hard to frame the policies and strategy to compete with its rivals in the market. Slack, Imitation, Substitution and Hold-up are some of the threats to any organization in retail industry. However, Wal-Mart with its visionary goal of attaining zero waste status and reaching 100% renewable energy has planned to launch number of sustainability initiatives. (GreenBiz, 2008) Imitation increase profits by increasing the supply. But imitation puts reputation, relationship at stake. James Hall reports that Wal-Mart is planning to open convenience stores as Tesco has started and operating in US called Fresh Easy Neighborhood Markets. (James, 2008) Such tactics will create mixed response among the consumers while degrading the reputation of the leader in market. Substitution reduces the demand for what a firm uniquely provides by shifting the demand elsewhere due to changes in technology. The threats of substitution can be subtle and unexpected like minimizing expenses through videoconferencing instead of air flights to long distance meetings with its managers of other stores, etc. Therefore, substation is an especially effective way of attacking dominant rivals in the market. Substitution offers mixed responses after identifying and understanding the threats. The organization should fight the threat and merging with them, switching to different options of substitution to be in the market. Hold-up diverts the value to customers, suppliers or complementors who have some bargaining leverage which results in tough negotiations, contractual agreements and vertical integration. Wal-Mart is having great network with almost over 7800 stores and Sams Club locations in 16 markets worldwide. It employs more than 2 million associates and serves more than 100 million customers every year. According to Fishman (2006) Americans spend $26 million every hour at Wal-Mart which makes it believable that Wal-Mart is financially very strong and is capable of combating any threat from its rivals in the market. Wal-Mart is ever expanding its boundaries by way of acquisition and mergers. Thus Wal-Mart with such a vast network of stores and alliances in the forms of ASDA, Target and many other stores is well protected enough to sustain its top position in the retail industry.

The Opposing Goals of Comfort and Power in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Opposing Goals of Comfort and Power in Macbeth  Ã‚  Ã‚   People have a hard time getting what they want; in fact, the things they want can be incompatible with each other and any attempt to reach one of these goals hurt the other.   In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth (1606), the protagonist is lured to murder the king, Duncan, by the desire for power, an appetite whetted by witch’s prophecies and his wife’s encouragement. But when he reaches the kingship, he finds himself insecure. He attempts to remove threats that decrease his security, including his companion Banquo and his son Fleance, prophesied to be king. His lords grow angry and revolt successfully, after witches lure Macbeth into a false sense of security by further foretelling. In Macbeth, we see that, despite appearances of paradox, man’s goals of comfort and power are forever opposed in increment, though the two may decline together. The power from knowledge causes discomfort. As often has been said, ignorance is bliss. After Macbeth is promised the throne, Banquo asks why Macbeth is less than ecstatic. "Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear / Things that do sound so fair?" (Act I, Scene 3, p. 332) Macbeth’s new knowledge makes him uncomfortable, as he realizes the implications. His first thoughts considering murdering Duncan appear, and he is scared. After he commits the murder, Macbeth says, "To know my deed, 'twere best not know myself." (Act II, Scene 2, p. 347) Knowing that has committed such a vile act makes him uncomfortable. It will be difficult to act innocent and to deal with his guilt. When he later decides to murder Banquo and Fleance, he tells his wife, "Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest chuck, / Till thou applaud the deed." (Act III, Scene 2, p. 359) Hecate sets Macbeth up for his final fall, explaining her strategy, "As by the strength of their illusion Shall draw him on to his confusion. He shall spurn fate, scorn death, and bear His hopes 'bove wisdom, grace, and fear. And you all know security Is mortals' chiefest enemy." (Act III, Scene 5, p. 365) The security provided by the second set of predictions is only fleeting. Feeling there is no threat to his power, Macbeth acts wildly, bringing his downfall and loss of both comfort and security. The problem with knowledge was that it was power resulting in a decline in comfort. The Opposing Goals of Comfort and Power in Shakespeare's Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework The Opposing Goals of Comfort and Power in Macbeth  Ã‚  Ã‚   People have a hard time getting what they want; in fact, the things they want can be incompatible with each other and any attempt to reach one of these goals hurt the other.   In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth (1606), the protagonist is lured to murder the king, Duncan, by the desire for power, an appetite whetted by witch’s prophecies and his wife’s encouragement. But when he reaches the kingship, he finds himself insecure. He attempts to remove threats that decrease his security, including his companion Banquo and his son Fleance, prophesied to be king. His lords grow angry and revolt successfully, after witches lure Macbeth into a false sense of security by further foretelling. In Macbeth, we see that, despite appearances of paradox, man’s goals of comfort and power are forever opposed in increment, though the two may decline together. The power from knowledge causes discomfort. As often has been said, ignorance is bliss. After Macbeth is promised the throne, Banquo asks why Macbeth is less than ecstatic. "Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear / Things that do sound so fair?" (Act I, Scene 3, p. 332) Macbeth’s new knowledge makes him uncomfortable, as he realizes the implications. His first thoughts considering murdering Duncan appear, and he is scared. After he commits the murder, Macbeth says, "To know my deed, 'twere best not know myself." (Act II, Scene 2, p. 347) Knowing that has committed such a vile act makes him uncomfortable. It will be difficult to act innocent and to deal with his guilt. When he later decides to murder Banquo and Fleance, he tells his wife, "Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest chuck, / Till thou applaud the deed." (Act III, Scene 2, p. 359) Hecate sets Macbeth up for his final fall, explaining her strategy, "As by the strength of their illusion Shall draw him on to his confusion. He shall spurn fate, scorn death, and bear His hopes 'bove wisdom, grace, and fear. And you all know security Is mortals' chiefest enemy." (Act III, Scene 5, p. 365) The security provided by the second set of predictions is only fleeting. Feeling there is no threat to his power, Macbeth acts wildly, bringing his downfall and loss of both comfort and security. The problem with knowledge was that it was power resulting in a decline in comfort.